HOUSE OF THE SLEEPING BEAUTIES by Kawabata. Do you agree with Eguchi Essay

Place OF THE SLEEPING BEAUTIES by Kawabata. Do you concur with Eguchi that sex and demise are connected - Essay Example This could be said either to be genuine just of this book or additionally of reality. It is a given that everything is connected in some way or another. This can be taken a gander at from a basic viewpoint. On a very basic level, people are basely centered around the will to endure and keep away from death just as the will to accomplish sexual satisfaction from another person. Passing is something so natural in nature. It returns human bodies to a carbonic state and closures a cycle. Sex is surely a characteristic and all inclusive help, that it just bodes well to see a connection between the two generally normal and unavoidable acts a human will take part in. Nobody is liberated from approaching demise or an end sooner or later in there life though sex can be a start or a position of inception. We are conceived because of sex much of the time and afterward come back to the earth through death. This is a fundamental and certain association among sex and d passing. Kawabata is known for his unusual equals between the things which we may consider to be dim, for example, demise and misery; and things which we may consider to be acceptable, for example, magnificence and sex. These equals are satisfactory on the grounds that Kawabata is fit for uniting the two alternate extremes onto a typical plane. On account of this specific work by Kawabata, Eguchi is a character who winds up in the place of the resting delights which is basically a bordello that offers a night‘s lay down with intensely quieted ladies who nearly have all the earmarks of being bodies. This is the immediate connect to the association among sex and demise which basically meets one with the other in a midpoint of necrophilia. Eguchiis harmed because of the passing of his significant other and along these lines appears to have an obsession with the issue of death and ladies as they merge. This place of â€Å"sleeping beauties† appears to give the feeling that men may discover this the best circumstance in regards to a relationship with a lady or a feeling of friendship, since the ladies are basically in a

Psychology-Carl Jung Essay

Section 1 is named: Dream-Analysis in Its Practical Application. The utilization of dream-investigation as per Jung in psychotherapy is as yet a discussed theme/question. A few specialists see utilizing dream-examination as fundamental in rewarding despondencies while others find that it is just piece of the mind. In the event that fantasy investigation is to be dealt with, at that point perceiving the oblivious is an absolute necessity. It is a technique for finding the oblivious mystic substance that are identified with anxieties. Jung says that the investigation and understanding of dreams can be advocated experimentally because of the way that the oblivious has an influence in depression and on the grounds that fantasies are communicating straightforwardly from the oblivious movement. Dreams give a right image of the emotional state despite the fact that the cognizant brain denies this exists. As indicated by Jung, dreams are to be on a similar level as physiology. He gave the model that on the off chance that sugar is found in pee, at that point pee contains sugar. He utilized that since he accepts dreams are realities which are significant for finding. It permits a knowledge for the reason for depressions just as a guess. It can appear when the treatment should start. Jung expresses that the Freudian view trusts it vital for the patient to be aware of his/her unsettling influences (enduring the injury). Jung doesn’t deny that a few anxieties have an awful inception yet he doesn't accept that all depressions are of this cause. All together for the fantasy or hypochondria to have genuine noteworthiness, a causalistic approach just won't do the trick. Not long after the start of treatment, dreams appear to turn out to be less straightforward. There can begin to turn into a trouble in translation because of the specialist being not able to comprehend the entire circumstance. Jung expresses that indiscernible dreams are an aftereffect of the doctor’s emotional conclusion being reflected. It is fundamental for the investigator to concede an absence of understanding when it happens in treatment. By exaggerating, the examiner requests to the patient’s mind, be that as it may, helping him/her develop into their fact arrives at the heart. There are privileged insights of the internal life that fantasies give data about too telling the visionary a few things about their character. Section 3 is named: The Aims of Psychotherapy. The development of depression and fundamental standards of treatment are not settled upon by psychochologists/psychoanalysists. As per Jung, numerous individuals find that clarifying their difficulties give them an inclination to control that originates from a feeling of mediocrity. The psychotherapist’s victories show him little or nothing. His/her disappointments are precious in that they constrain him/her to change their perspectives as well as techniques. Jung expresses that it looks bad to instruct from the Freudian perspective to a patient to whom the Adlerian hypothesis applies. The specialist isn't generally in a superior situation than the patient’s mind to realize what is needed, despite the fact that it oblivious to the patient. With regards to mystic constitution, a few people have an otherworldly mentality and about a materialistic one. These perspectives show instilled interests. Jung leaves his experience alone the dynamic device regarding treatment. Incredible decisions of life have more to do with impulses than cognizant will. Jung’s commitment to psychotherapy for those situations where sane treatment delivers no palatable outcomes, are bound. Approximately 1/3 of his patients are not experiencing clinical hypochondria yet from the vacancy of their lives. By contemplating a fantasy altogether, something consistently comes out of it. It is a significant insight that shows the patient the oblivious driving him/her. Jung says there is trouble when dreams don't show anything unmistakable. Those fantasies give pieces of information of conceivable outcomes and never can be made conceivable to a pariah. Dreams that contain legendary pictures can be abnormal and confounding. For Jung, crude brain science, folklore, relative religion, and prehistoric studies is significant as they give analogies that improves the lives of his patients. Jung says that inventive dream is the root for all works of man. This action of creative mind liberates man from the â€Å"nothing but† to a feeling of play. Jung’s point is to make a mystic state where the patient can start to explore different avenues regarding their own inclination. â€Å"The least of things with a significance is worth more in life than the best of things without it† (Carl Jung). Section 5 is named: The Stages of Life. The issues related with phases of human improvement intends to unfurl an image of clairvoyant life from support to grave. As indicated by Jung, our mystic procedures are made up of reflections, examinations, and questions. They are largely unfamiliar to the oblivious psyche of man. The presence of issues originates from the development of cognizance. At the point when man gets some distance from impulse it makes awareness. Issues draw a confined state where nature relinquishes and cognizance is driven. Indeed, even in that, a more extensive and higher cognizance gives us assurance and lucidity. In managing issues, we naturally reject the way that leads through obscurity yet need satisfying outcomes. Knowing depends on a cognizant association with mystic substance. Jung discusses how it appears that youngsters who battle with their reality are saved internal issues and those whom adjust effectively run into sex issues or clashes emerging from a feeling of mediocrity. The individuals who attempt to ensure themselves against the new or bizarre, relapse back to the past and falls in a similar hypochondriac state as the person who can recognize the new however runs from an earlier time. Whatever the past provides for us is typically adjusted to future prospects and requests. The structure and importance of an issue doesn't lie in the arrangement yet in the consistent working at it. Measurements show that there is an ascent in mental wretchedness cases for men around 40. For ladies, masochist challenges appear prior. As indicated by Jung, a person couldn't live to 70 or 80 if the life span had no significance for the species. Jung expresses that we don't have a clue what befalls an individual after they are dead. There are no logical confirmations about it. From the psychotherapy see, it is progressively attractive to consider demise a change a piece of the existence procedure whose time and degree gets away from our insight. The working of the keenness is an understanding that reasoning is a condition that nothing comes out of except for what we put in. Part 6 is named: Freud and Jung-Contrasts. Generally acknowledged thoughts are not the individual property of their creator. Opposite, the creator is the hireling of his thoughts. We don't make thoughts, they make us. Genuine articulation encourages us accomplish the best. It comprises in offering structure to what we watch. Jung expresses that Freud’s hypothesis in regards to sexuality, puerile joy and the contention they have with the truth is the most genuine articulation of his mystic cosmetics. Jung calls attention to that he isn't a rival of Freud. He says our observation is molded by what we are. Since we are for the most part extraordinary, we see and express things in an unexpected way. Jung takes a gander at man in methods of wellbeing and adequacy attempting to liberate the debilitated from Freud’s perspective. Jung expresses that Freud’s educating is uneven summing up realities just from hypochondriac perspectives. As per Jung, Freud committed an error conflicting with reasoning. Jung has never rejected philosophical analysis. He realizes that each word he expresses, conveys something of himself. He doesn’t question that characteristic senses are powers of impetus in human life regardless of in the event that they are called sexuality or the will to control. However, he doesn’t question likewise that these impulses slam into the soul. Jung ascribes a positive incentive to religion and science. Freud ascribed sexuality as the main driving mystic force. Jung says that simply after he split from Freud did Freud start to recognize equivalent status for to other clairvoyant exercises. Despite the fact that Freud says Jung prevents the significance from claiming sexuality in mystic life, Jung asserts something else. Jung says he attempts as far as possible to the wording of sex and only set it in its proper place. What Freud portrays is that sexual fixation that comes out when a patient has arrived at where him/her should be driven out of an off-base circumstance or demeanor. Religious philosophy can't help the individuals who are searching for an answer since it requests confidence and confidence can't be made. Jung expresses that we are confronted with a requirement for rediscovering the life of the soul. As indicated by Jung the differentiations return to their disparities in their fundamental presumptions. Part 10 is named: The Spiritual Problem of Modern Man. This profound issue is an inquiry that has a place with the present yet we can't judge completely. It has to do with something all inclusive. To be entire of the current way to be totally aware of one’s presence and requires serious and broad cognizance. Pushing ahead is demonstration of tearing free every one of that grasps obviousness which asserts the greater part of man. Every great side has a terrible one. As indicated by Jung, current man has endured a lethal stun and therefore has fell into significant vulnerability. Jung says that an otherworldly need has surfaced. He says there has never been where the mind didn't show itself yet it didn’t draw in such a great amount of consideration up to this point. The clairvoyant life has consistently communicated in a magical framework. Jung says he used to trust it was his obligation to call individuals to arrange however not concedes the need in calling himself to arrange. He says that science has crushed the asylum of the internal life-it used to be a safe house and now a position of dread. A remuneration in the oblivious emerges when a bit of the cognizant life loses esteem. The baneful and mysteries of the inward life, to the advanced man, are important on the grounds that they serve his/her motivation. Mental understanding appears to trespass individual life and in this manner, it meets with individual obstruction and refusal. Jung stresses that

The Illegality of Cocaine :: Pregnancy Drugs Essays

The Illegality of Cocaine As I was skimming through the casebooks in Current Issues and Enduring Questions, I discovered a story by James Q. Wilson called â€Å"Back to the Future† where he continued to tell that cocaine hurts an unburned child and can prompt physical deformations or neurological harm. This started my interest into needing to find out about the impacts of cocaine on the body and an unborn kid. Cocaine originates from the leaves of the Erythroxylon Coca tree which are local to Peru and Bolivia (GG 300). Cocaine is alluded to as a benzoylmethyl ecgonine. Ecgonine is an amino liquor base which is firmly identified with trephine, the amino liquor in atropine. Ecgonine is an ester of benzoic corrosive and a nitrogen-containg base which has a similar essential structure like the ones in manufactured neighborhood sedatives (GG 300). Cocaine is a hydrochloride, water-dissolvable salt, dry white powder that is normally grunted through a little cylinder put into the nostril; it can likewise be i nfused into a vein (Encarta). The historical backdrop of cocaine can be gone go into the 1850’s. In 1855 cocaine was first confined and came to be generally utilized as a sedative in minor medical procedures (Encarta). Cocaine has been utilized for quite a while as a medication of misuse, yet in the late 1970’s and 1980’s, it got one of the top medications to be taking (Encarta). There are four regular techniques for which it is utilized: 1. gulping which isn't extremely successful on the grounds that it isn't consumed by the gastrointestinal tract 2. grunting or sniffing is the most widely recognized 3. infusing with a needle delivers an extreme, magnificent surge, yet the impacts don't keep going long on account of the quick utilization by the liver 4. smoking or free-basing is regular since it creates an outrageous high. The issue with smoking is that it is trailed by touchiness and distress, which brings about the client needing to smoke more (walk). The imp acts of cocaine generally just last between twenty minutes and an hour relying upon the virtue and the measure of the medication taken in (walk). The main signs saw from cocaine are and increment in engine action, quick heartbeat, hypertension, and an expansion in breath (walk). Other than these outcomes seen from cocaine, demise may some of the time happen from a little portion cause by seizures or a coronary episode (Encarta).

Animal testing Essay -- Animal Testing

With regards to creatures and their privileges, there is an unequivocal line between our requirements and our exploiting those species that we think about second rate. For whatever length of time that man has existed he has been predatory, and similar remains constant for some different types of creatures. Creatures are a need to people for endurance, regardless of whether it be for food, attire, and so forth. In any case, the superfluous torment of creatures through testing isn't a need for human endurance. With regards to the unnecessary torment of creatures that we guarantee to profit, the creatures lives should be mulled over. S. F. Sapontzis gives his hypothesis with regards to why creatures ought not be utilized in testing. To begin with, creatures are not equipped for giving their agree to be utilized as subjects in an examination. Also, "experiments must be performed on a person who is willing, ethically. In this way it is unethical to utilize creatures in experiment s" (Sapontzis 209). It would be extraordinary if this reality where our lives were really administered by ethics. The miserable truth is that we don't. Until we do, somebody will need to go to bat for the quiet greater part that is unequipped for voicing its conclusion. When there is torment and out of line treatment towards people, individuals at that point understand that it isn't right. These individuals understand that it's off-base with regards to creatures too. Henry Spira said of the creatures utilized in tests: "†¦the casualties can't compose with regards to their own interests" (Spira 194). With regards to unnecessarily leading examinations on creatures, nobody ever says anything. People need to quit considering themselves a better animal groups than different creatures. They need to begin pondering how we can stop the brutality that they incur upon creatures for quite a while in a great many trials. Tom Regan, a notable basic entitlements ex tremist, composed, "the principal wrong is the framework that permits us to see creatures as our assets, here for us-to be eaten, or carefully controlled, or misused for sport or money" (Regan 14). Nothing could be more evident than this reality; man sees itself as such a prevalent animal types, that all others were put on earth for his benefit. It is this kind of reasoning that has gotten people to where we are today. What humankind needs to do is get over its lofty self esteem and understand that they are not the ruler of the wilderness and we rea... ...n evaluated that between 100 million and 200 million creatures kick the bucket in research centers far and wide each year" (Ryder 77-78). In spite of the fact that it has been demonstrated that a great deal of good has come out of creature research and creature testing, this doesn't compensate for all the torment and enduring that these creatures go however without having the option to assent. Reality despite everything remains that, in spite of the advantages (when there are benefits), maybe we have to ponder the impacts that our activities are having on these creatures. Work Cited Blum, Debrorah. The Monkey Wars. New York: Oxford. 1994 "Experiments on Animals." Animal Rights and Human Obligations. Eds. Tom Regan and Peter Singer. Englewoods Cilffs: Prentice Hall. 1976 Regan, Tom. The Case for Animal Rights. Los Angels: University of California Press. 1983 Ryder, Richard R. Creature Revolution. Cambridge: Basil Blackwell. 1989 Sapontzis, S. F. Ethics, Reason, and Animals. Philidelphia: Temple U P. 1987 "Speciesism in the Laboratory." In Defense of Animals." Ed. Dwindle Singer. Oxford: Blackwell. 1985 Spira, Henry. "Fighting To Win." In Defense of Animals." Ed. Dwindle Singer. Oxford: Blackwell. 1985

Population Distributions - statistics lab report Essay

Populace Distributions - insights lab report - Essay Example This hypothesis depends on the idea that a heart with little size will have littler cardiovascular yield when contrasted with the bigger heart. Subsequently, this logical hypothesis recommends that the heart beat of the bigger individual will thump gradually to meet the metabolic necessities. The above theory will be analyzed by gathering an example of short and tall people and distinguish whether there are critical contrasts in their heart beat rates. To demonstrate this, an examination will be led which will see if there are extensive contrasts in the pulse of tall and short subjects. The specialists in the field8 as have likewise stressed that people who are truly fit have a higher stroke volume when contrasted with latent people. This implies people having a poor state of being will arrive at their most extreme heart beat rate at a lower work level than people who are genuinely fit. In view of the above conviction, a hypothesis has been advanced that since genuinely fit people ha ve a higher vigorous limit before arriving at most extreme pulse subsequently they will have a more slow pace of increment in heart beat and a quicker come back to the resting return after the activity. For the check of previously mentioned speculation, a controlled test will be directed in which the subject’s pulse before exercise and 15 minutes after exercise and afterward 30 minutes after exercise will be estimated to know whether there are huge contrasts in the pulse of people in the gathering. Invalid Hypothesis 1: Measurement of pulse. Investigation of the information: a) Number of Subjects in each class Range Frequency 40-50 0 50-60 3 60-70 10 70-80 19 80-90 8 90-100 2 >100 0 b) Histogram Figure 1: Histogram of Heart Beats every Minute Median = 76 Mode = 80 Both the middle and mode lie in the 70-80 subject gathering of the variable. c) The information for the given variable is spread evenly around the focal area. It has a modular class. I anticipate that the informa tion should be modular since the vast majority of the people will have a typical heart beat rate with not many remarkable cases. My desires are upheld by the diagram of histogram as dominant part of the recurrence of the information lies in set. d) Null Hypothesis: (There is no distinction in the mean pulse of the tall and short subjects) Alternative Hypothesis: (There is a distinction in the mean pulse of the tall and short subjects) Significance Level The speculation is to be performed at 5% noteworthiness level or 95% certainty level, so Critical Value The basic qualities for the two followed test for with certainty level of are If the estimation of the t test measurement is lesser than - 2.02 or more prominent than 2.02 than dismiss; in any case don't dismiss. T-test Value: The information esteems for the little subject gathering and tall subject gathering are connected in the index (Table 1 and Table 2) Where By utilizing recipes we ascertain that (All the estimations are given in reference section) Where The estimation of t-test measurement is - 0.339 and it doesn't fall in the dismissal district in this manner we don't dismiss the invalid theory. The test outcomes are not measurably noteworthy at the 5% level; that is, at the 5% centrality level, the information don't give adequate proof to reason that there is distinction in the mean pulse of the tall and short people. Invalid Hypothesis 2 and 3: Heart rate and recuperation after exercise. a) Mean pulse These are the class mean pulses (beats every moment) Before Exercise 75.2 Directly After Exercise 124.8 After 1 Minute 105.9 After 5 Minutes

James, Jesse

James, Jesse James, Jesse (Woodson), 1847â€"82, American outlaw, b. Clay co., Mo. At the age of 15 he joined the Confederate guerrilla band led by William Quantrill and participated in the brutal and bloody civil warfare in Kansas and Missouri. In 1866, Jesse and his brother Frank became the leaders of a band of outlaws whose trail of robberies and murders led through most of the central states. At first they robbed only banks, but in 1873 they began to rob trains. The beginning of their downfall came in 1876 when, after killing two people and failing to secure any money in an attempted bank robbery at Northfield, Minn., they lost several members of the gang, including the Younger brothers, three of their most trusted followers, who were captured and imprisoned (see Younger, Cole ). The James brothers escaped and were quiet until 1879, when they robbed another train. The reward offered by Gov. Thomas T. Crittenden of Missouri for the capture of the James brothers, dead or alive, tempted one o f the gang, Robert Ford, who caught Jesse (then living under the name of Thomas Howard) off guard and killed him. Frank James surrendered but was twice acquitted and lived out his life peacefully and prosperously on his farm near Excelsior Springs, Mo. The melodramatic style of the exploits of the James gang attracted wide public admiration, giving rise to a number of romanticized legends, the famous song The Ballad of Jesse James, and much popular literature. See biographies by R. Love (1926), C. W. Breihan (1953, repr. 1970), and T. J. Stiles (2002); H. Croy, Jesse James Was My Neighbor (1949, repr. 1962); J. L. James, Jesse James and the Lost Cause (1961); W. A. Settle, Jesse James Was His Name (1966); M. L. Gardner, Shot All To Hell: Jesse James, the Northfield Raid, and the Wild West's Greatest Escape (2013). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. H istory: Biographies

Merging New Paradigm In Finance Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Academic finance has transformed significantly from the days where most academics and practitioners believed that markets were efficient. Traditionalists argue that the market prices assets at their fair value, assuming that all relevant information pertinent and relevant to an asset is known by all market participants-in reality however there is an information asymmetry. In addition to this financial and economic theory have assumed that all economic agents behave in a two way rational manner-the principles of expected utility theory and unbiased prediction of the future thus their decisions and actions must be rational as well. However, events in the last decade such as, the dotcom bubble and the crash of 2008, suggest that in reality markets do not behave as theory suggested but in fact other factors must be taken into account: i.e. human behavior. Traditional finance paradigms have yet to explain the behavior of markets during bubbles and times of uncertainty, even when there is no changes in the fundamentals of a stock the price may plummet or rise. The same principle is applicable to commodities and the foreign exchange market. Traditionally human psychology has not been an integral part of the study of finance despite the fact that financial markets are operated by humans. Behavioral finance is a field that studies the influence of investor psychology and the effect on the markets; it seeks to explain why markets are inefficient and the irrational behavior of investors in other words, if EHM were true then in theory premiums or discounts of financial instruments should not exist. However, in the rea lity such is not the case but the question really is why? Selden (1912) in his book Psychology of the Stock Market proposed that the movements of prices on financial markets are influenced in large part by the attitudes and behavior of the market participants. Also it is important to consider that as markets became more globalized the number of participants increased. 1.3 Justification The study of behavioral finance represents an opportunity to revaluate our perceptions of financial theory and adds another dimension to the study of financial markets, a shift occurs from the traditional view of markets as being efficient, extremely analytical and normative into a more realistic view of what actually occurs. By adding the dimension of behavior it is then possible to identify certain patterns of individual and collective behavior that may affect the function of the markets, for example traditional finance has been unable to explain the bubbles in Taiwan, Japan and the United States. Behavioral finance provides a previously non existing bridge between psychology and finance. Both are social sciences but in finance, before behavioral finance, there was little importance placed on individual decision making processes and finance like its mother discipline economics treated decision making as a black box. Finance acknowledges the existence of mental models of choice but it is more concerned with prediction rather than description or explanation. In terms of research Olsen points the fact that financial researchers have almost always found it necessary to offer ex post behavioral explanations for numerical results indicates that behavior has always been important and worthy of study in the field of finance.(Olsen, 1998) Clearly in a social science where individuals are an integral part of the process quantitative results are not sufficient. Behavioral finance is of interest because it helps explain why and how markets might be inefficient (Sewell, 2001) The importance of this literature review of behavioral finance is that it exposes the reader to a highly theoretical paradigm in finance that currently is being discussed at the highest levels of academia at top universities around the globe, and leaves the opportunity of further research to be conducted by others who may be interested in the subject matter. It is also relevant to point ou t that as of this writing there is no unified theory of behavioral finance thus making this work more important as it provides a very detailed account of the current state of the subject matter and offers insights on possible future research on the topic that may be developed in the near future. Additionally, given the complexity to design an experiment-due to time constraints-and collection of empirical evidence both locally and internationally a literature review demands the same amount, if not more, research and analysis. 1.4 Delimitation The research limited to the domain of behavioral economics, finance and decision psychology. 1.5 Research Questions What is behavioral finance? What are the most relevant works on behavioral finance? What are future research topics on behavioral finance? 1.6 General Objective Demonstrate the implications of decision making processes and their effects on financial markets 1.7 Specific Objectives Define behavioral finance Discuss the most relevant works on behavioral finance 1.8 Theoretical Framework For the purposes of this work it is important to identify two distinct areas within finance in order to provide an adequate starting point for the study. A brief introduction of the traditional paradigm of finance and then continue with a discussion of behavioral finance 1.8.1 Traditional Finance Standard finance is based on the works of Miller and Modigliani in arbitrage theory, Markowitz with portfolio theory, and Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. The aforementioned theories/models assume that markets are efficient and that all the agents in the economy are rational. The efficient market hypothesis-here after EMH-the price of an asset reflects all the available information and prices reflect the fair value. The efficient market hypothesis is based on the notion that people behave rationally, maximize expected utility accurately and process all available information (Shiller, 2001). According to EMH it is impossible to make an above average profit and beat the market consistently over time without taking excess risk (Johnsson, Lindblom, Platan , 2002). 1.8.2 Behavioral Finance The emerging new paradigm of behavioral finance looks to serve as an alternative to the behaviorally incomplete theory if finance now often referred to as standard or modern finance (Olsen, 1998). It is important to note that although it seeks to replace modern finance it does not completely reject the existing theories, it only limits the boundaries in which they are function. Behavioral finance seeks to understand and predict systematic financial market implications of psychological decision processes. In addition, behavioral finance is focused on the application of psychological and economic principles for the improvement of financial decision making (Olsen, 1998). Ritter proposes in his research that behavioral finance is composed of two main elements: cognitive psychology and the limits of arbitrage (Ritter, 2003). Within cognitive psychology distinctive behaviors can be identified: heuristics-rules of thumb which make decision making easier, overconfidence-people are overl y optimistic/confident of their skills, mental accounting-when people make two decisions instead of one when the situation demands a single course of action, framing-notion that how a concept is presented to an individual matters (Ritter, 2003), conservatism, and disposition effect. 1.9 Principal Works Since behavioral finance mixes elements from psychology it then is important to note certain important works that discuss areas pertinent to the study of behavior. In 1959 Leo Festinger introduced the concept of cognitive dissonance. When two simultaneously held cognitions are inconsistent, this will produce a state of cognitive dissonance. Because of the experience of dissonance is unpleasant, the person will strive to reduce it by changing their beliefs (Sewell, 2001). Kahneman and Tversky in 1979 propose prospect theory. According to the theory people give less importance to the outcomes that have less chances occurring versus outcomes that are obtained with certainty. The theory proposes that investors in general are risk averse. Risk aversion is equal to the concavity of the utility function, where marginal utility of wealth decreases. Kahneman and Tversky conducted an experiment in which the concluded that people systematically defy the utility theory. Under prospect th eory value is assigned to gains and losses rather than to final assets, also probabilities are replaced by decision weights (Sewell, 2001). In addition to this Kahneman and Tversky also introduced the value function in which they identified four possible risk profiles: risk aversion for high to moderate probability of gains and low probability of losses and risk seeking for low probability of gaining and a high probability of losing. Thaler proposes that there are situations in which consumers in fact act in opposition to economic theory among a the topics discussed were underweighting of opportunity costs, failure to ignore sunk costs, search behavior, choosing not to choose and regret, and recommitment and self-control (Thaler, 1980). In a separate research Kahneman and Tversky further explored the concept of framing and prospect theory in the context of the rational theory of choice. Another important contribution was Shillers conclusion that stock prices volatility could not be explained merely by information about future dividends, he suggested there were elements that influenced volatility of stock prices. Thaler and De Bondt publish an article titled Does the Stock Market Overreact? They concluded that people tended to overreact to unexpected and dramatic news three years year after the publication of their work, Thaler and De Bondt produced more evidenced that provided further support to their overreaction hypothesis. Other authors such as Rabin propose that expected utility theory does not explain risk aversion over modest stakes (Sewell, 2001). Thaler and Rabin then conclude that expected utility hypothesis is dead. Shiller presents evidence that suggests that the US markets are for the most part overvalued and points to various factors-among them psychological-that may explain the phenomena. Thaler publishes The Winners Curse in which he discusses the tendency of individuals to overestimate/underestimate the value of an item in competitive biddin g when information is limited. Thaler and Benartzi discuss in their paper the equity premium puzzle and offer an explanation based on behavioral principles (Sewell, 2001). 1.10 Key Words Behavioral finance, arbitrage, efficient market, psychology 1.12 Content Scheme Chapter I: Problem Approach Background Problem formulation Objectives Justification Research Questions Chapter II: Reference Framework Theoretical basis Literature Review Definitions of terms Chapter III: Methodology Research design Chapter IV: Conclusions and Recommendations Conclusions Recommendations 2. Methodology 2.1 Research Paradigm There are two main paradigms of research: quantitative and qualitative. In order to achieve the objectives of this research a mixture of both methods but the qualitative method will dominate the proceedings. 2.2 Research Techniques Documentation This literature review will employ articles from journals, papers, dissertations, and other relevant sources of information. The information will be properly classified and categorized accordingly in order to maintain the proper organization of sources. 2.3 Information Processing System The information processing system to be utilized for the development of the literature review is composed of the following computer applications: Microsoft Word Microsoft PowerPoint Adobe Acrobat Pro 9 2.4 Information Analysis Information will be analyzed from an editor point of view since the object of the study is to gather all the relevant works regarding behavioral finance and present them in a unified format. Information will be classified according to importance from the most general to the most specific as to cover both macro and micro elements of the subject matter. 3. Organizational and Administrative Elements 1. Chronogram Activity Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Research/Reading x x x x x x Literature Review x x x Analysis x Future Research X Recommendations x End of writing x Review x x First defense x Second defense x 2. Research Budget Item Price Paper Ream $ 4.00 Office Supplies $ 13.00 Book binding $ 40.00 CD-R $ 3.00 Printing Costs $ 40.00 Total $ 100.00 4. Preliminary Bibliography BARBERIS, Nicholas C., and Richard H. THALER, 2003.  A survey of behavioral finance.  In: George M. CONSTANTINIDES, Milton HARRIS, and Renà © M. STULZ, eds.  Handbook of the Economics of Finance: Volume 1B, Financial Markets and Asset Pricing. Elsevier North Holland, Chapter 18, pp. 1053-1128. DE BONDT, WERNER F. M., AND RICHARD H. THALER, 1987. Further Evidence on Investor Overreaction and Stock Market Seasonality. The Journal of Finance, 42(3), 557-581. DE BONDT, WERNER F. M., AND RICHARD THALER, 1985. Does the Stock Market Overreact? The Journal of Finance, 40(3), 793-805 FAMA, Eugene F., 1998.  Market efficiency, long-term returns, and behavioral finance.  Journal of Financial Economics,  49(3), 283-306. JOHNSSON, MALENA., LINDBLOM HENRIK., PLATAN, PETER. Behavioral Finance And the change of investor behavior during and after the speculative bubble at the end of the 1990s. Master Thesis in Finance, School of Economics and M anagement. Lund University. KAHNEMAN, Daniel, and Amos TVERSKY, 1979. Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263-292. KAHNEMAN, Daniel, and Amos TVERSKY, 1996. On the Reality of Cognitive Illusions. Psychological Review, 103(3), 582-591. KAHNEMAN, Daniel, and Amos TVERSKY, 2000. Choices, Values, and Frames. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OLSEN, ROBERT A. Behavioral Finance and Its Implications for Stock-Price. Financial Analysts Journal, Vol. 54, No. 2 (Mar. Apr., 1998), pp. 10-18 RITTER , JAY R. Behavioral Finance. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal Vol. 11, No. 4, (September 2003) pp. 429-437 SELDEN, G. C., 1912. Psychology of the Stock Market: Human Impulses Lead To Speculative Disasters. New York: Ticker Publishing SHILLER, ROBERT J. 2002. From Efficient Market Theory to Behavioral Finance, Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers  1385, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University. SHILLER, ROBERT J. 2005. Behavioral Economics and Institutional Innovation, Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers  1499, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University. SHILLER ROBERT J., 1998. Human Behavior and the Efficiency of the Financial System,  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 1172, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University. SLOVIC. PAUL. Psychological Study of Human Judgment: Implications for Investment Decision Making. The Journal of Finance Vol. 27, No. 4 (Sep., 1972), pp. 779-799 THALER, Richard H., 1992. The Winners Curse: Paradoxes and Anomalies of Economic Life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. THALER, Richard H., 1999. Mental Accounting Matters. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 12(3), 183-206. THALER, Richard, 1980. Toward a Positive Theory of Consumer Choice. Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, 1(1), 39-60. THALER, Richard, 1985. Mental Accounting and Consumer Choice. Marketing Scien ce, 4(3), 199-214. TVERSKY, Amos, and Daniel KAHNEMAN, 1973. Availability: A Heuristic for Judging Frequency and Probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5(2), 207-232. TVERSKY, Amos, and Daniel KAHNEMAN, 1974. Judgment Uncertainty: : Heuristics and Biases. Science, 185(4157), 1124-1131. TVERSKY, Amos, and Daniel KAHNEMAN, 1981. The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice. Science, 211(4481), 453-458. TVERSKY, Amos, and Daniel KAHNEMAN, 1986. Rational Choice and the Framing of Decisions. The Journal of Business, 59(S4), S251-S278. TVERSKY, Amos, and Daniel KAHNEMAN, 1991. Loss Aversion in Riskless Choice: A Reference-Dependent Model. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(4), 1039-1061. TVERSKY, Amos, and Daniel KAHNEMAN, 1992. Advances in Prospect Theory: Cumulative Representation of Uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5(4), 297-323. von NEUMANN, John, and Oskar MORGENSTERN, 1944. Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Un iversity Press.

Punishment or Child Abuse - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 600 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Child Abuse Essay Did you like this example? There is a thin line between punishment and child abuse. Whereas approximately 70% of the Americans have approved corporal punishment, the law has candidly described itself on defining what entails an abusive behavior. The indictment of Adrian Peterson, an NFL player, for negligently injuring a child has provided the country with valuable lessons regarding the entire issue of punishment and abuse. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Punishment or Child Abuse" essay for you Create order Child abuse continues to happen in many households with many disguising it as an acceptable punishment. Research has shown that African Americans have a particular unique history with the issue of corporal punishment. For many years, child beating has been a common tendency among the black families. In an attempt to explain this, psychologists have attempted to give various arguments including its association with slavery. As blacks got involved in slavery, the punishment was primarily used as a way of instilling discipline. As a result, it has been passed over many generations as a practice of promoting good behavior. Other than the slavery roots, blacks have also utilized biblical connotations in an attempt to justify the punishment. One of the most quoted verse remains Proverbs 13:24 which state that anybody who loves their child should not spare the rod. However, an important question that people need to ask is whether there is a relationship between corporal punishment and discipline. The overriding aim of discipline is to ensure that essential values are transferred to the children. On the contrary, punishment has a coercive element that forces individuals to comply with certain standards, failure to which pain is inflicted as a form of revenge. Most fundamentally, the black culture has several colorful stories in the form of myths that glorify punishment as a moral intervention that has assisted in keeping the society together. Black comedians such as Bill Cosby amongst others have also delved into the discussion citing how the black culture has always believed in punishment. Abusive actions should not be entertained in the society especially those directed against minors. In 1984 for instance, Marvin Gaye died courtesy of violent actions from his father. Gaye was not only brutalized as a child but also shot dead by his father. Research has shown that children who undergo physical abuse have many problems affecting them. Some of the examples include anxiety, suicidal thoughts, difficulties in sleeping, reduced concentration, and the likelihood to develop risky behavior amongst others. The danger with this type of behavior is that a victim of abusive actions will in most cases become an abuser. Although the problem is significantly high in black communities, victims or perpetrators are less likely to attain therapy because they believe that this makes them appear mentally or emotionally weak. The case of Adrian Peterson, therefore, provides many people with important lessons regarding the position of corporal punishment in legal jurisdictions and society. In essence, Peterson attempted to prove that the beating they received while they were children had an important function in improving their disciplines. However, the violent nature of his actions and the resultant injuries inflicted on the 4-year-old child raises significant medical and legal questions that must be handled separately. Correctional of childrens misbehavior must remain within the legal and ethical confines. Corporal punishment has no position in modern society. Although it continues to be a menace among the African Americans, the activist groups should influence policies to ensure that potential victims and perpetrators receive the much-needed therapy. In the modern world, there is no justification of violence against a helpless individual such as a child. The law must continue to toughly deal with such criminals who are not only insensitive but also inhuman.

Men and Women in Non-Traditional Sports Essay - 1071 Words

Men and Women in Non-Traditional Sports The benefits of an individual entering a non-traditional sport for his or her sex can be huge – but they are usually greater for society in general than for the athlete him/herself. Being the first person to break into a non-traditional sport would obviously be trying on the athlete, who would have to face the questioning and criticisms of media, fans, and even their fellow athletes. But one athlete’s determination and persistence can open up a whole new world to both athletes and spectators. In the early 1900s, women did not participate much in figure skating competitions, partly because of the fact that they had to wear long, movement-hindering skirts. But some women did fight to†¦show more content†¦When males began to participate, the routines took on a different look – more like what one would see in a pairs’ figure skating or ice dancing competition. Some people feel that having both sexes participate in the sport make it more athletic, whereas all female synchronized swimming had the reputation of being too â€Å"showy.† So clearly, the biggest benefit of individuals entering into non-traditional sports for their gender occurs when they successfully open the sport up to other people of their gender. On the other hand, however, an individual entering a non-traditional sport most likely will be forced to deal with some resistance and some difficult issues to resolve. For example, as we saw in the film â€Å"Girl Fight,† one obvious problem with the girl attempting to train to box was the lack of resources for her. She could not share the locker room with the boys, and had to make do with a run-down storage closet instead. Another problem that is brought up when individuals participate in non-traditional sports for their sexes is about how the game is actually played. For example, if a female were to play ice hockey on a team of boys, would she be treated as an equal in the game? Would the boys be willing to hit and check her like they would do to the boys in the game? Or would they be extra hard on her and take advantage of the fact that she was playing in the game to try to score more goals? Achieving a level of total equality is aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Men and Women in Nontraditional Sports as Portrayed in Film925 Words   |  4 PagesMen and Women in Nontraditional Sports as Portrayed in Film Women and men play various sports because they as Americans want to experience the excitement of playing for fun, and doing something they love. The idea of what men and women can do for fun in sports has been shaped by the American society in many different ways through the media, schooling and education, and professional sports organizations. America portrays women playing field hockey and doing synchronized swimming while men do boxingRead MoreEssay on Power Structures of Men and Women in Sports1003 Words   |  5 PagesPower Structures of Men and Women in Sports As an athlete or a spectator, it is easy to both feel and see the impact sports have on people of both genders. Athletes are able to experience sports personally, while spectators usually experience sports through different channels of mass media. Realizing the effects that the world of athletics has on individuals and society as a whole is vital to the understanding of how sports can positively and negatively effect athletes as well as spectatorsRead More Gender Barriers inside Sports Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesGender Barriers inside Sports Throughout the history of sports, there has always been a gender barrier. There are certain sports that are aimed towards females and others that are directed towards males. When men or women enter a non-traditional sport for their gender, it is not widely accepted. However, there are those few athletes that pave the way for the rest and eventually our society will change and accept the new ideas in sports. Some people will always make judgments about the athletesRead More Culture, Race, and Gender in Sports Essay696 Words   |  3 Pages and Gender in Sports When a person of a specific gender enters a non-traditional sport for their gender/sex, many social and moral issues will arise challenging that person involved in that particular sport. The intentions of the individual will be questioned as well as their personal interest in the sport. Before any of these questions are asked, there must be a redefinition of gender roles, femininity, and masculinity. 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A woman is discouraged from playing contact sports under the pretext of being tooRead More The Gender of Sports Essay1283 Words   |  6 Pages The Gender of Sports What are the social and cultural costs and benefits of an individual (male or female) entering a non-traditional sport for their gender/sex (e.g. women enter body building, power lifting, boxing; men enter synchronized swimming or field hockey)? In todays society, particularly in the United States, an individual entering a non-traditional sport for his/her gender takes on many tasks besides playing the sport, the individual also takes on the criticism (good or bad)Read MoreMedia Representation Of Women s Sports1707 Words   |  7 PagesWhen men engage in sports, it is seen and interpreted as an opportunity for them to exhibit dominance in the masculinity and as an expression of heterosexuality. 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The Great Expansion Of The 20th Century Essay - 1666 Words

By the turn of the 20th century, both agricultural interests and large urban cities like San Francisco and Los Angeles needed more water for its rapid growth. In all this great expansion of aqueducts and dams, concerned citizens like John Muir proclaimed that more must be done to protect the majesty and beauty of California before it is all gone. Inspired by the writing of Henry David Thoreau, which published Walden, a landmark book on the topic of environmentalism, and his years exploring and camping in the Sierra Nevada wilderness, Muir began to gather like-minded scientists and thinkers in San Francisco. Efforts by Muir and the formation of his Sierra Club in the 1890s eventually met with success in convincing the federal government to protect the Yosemite Valley from logging and grazing interests, preserving the area into a newly formed forest reserve concept of a national park (Fox, p. 106). Muir had less success in preserving the sister valley of Hetch Hetchy, which eventually was dammed and flooded to use as a reservoir for the inhabitants of San Francisco. Up till the 1950s, environmental activism was fractured among diverse groups with diverse causes: water quality, overpopulation, air quality, clean beaches, toxic wastes, pesticides, endangered wildlife. Yet, in 1950, the Sierra Club, led by native Californian David Bower, eventually secured its national reputation in the battle against another massive dam proposal, this time the Echo Park Dam project in Utah.Show MoreRelatedAP Us History DBQ977 Words   |  4 PagesDBQ American expansionism in the late 19th century and early 20th century was, to a large extent, a continuation of past United States expansionism, while also departing with previous expansionism in some aspects. During the period of time between the late 19th century and early 20th century, America was going through significant changes. After a revolution in Cuba against the Spanish, as well as the Americans starting the Spanish-American War, the Americans received several territorial concessionsRead MoreCapitalism Has Evolved Into Imperialism1589 Words   |  7 PagesAt the turn of 19-20th centuries, capitalism has evolved into imperialism. The world was almost completely divided between the major powers. Uneven economic and socio-political development intensified. States, which entered the path of capitalist development (USA, Germany and Japan) after the others, quickly moved forward and pressed the old capitalist countries - Great Britain and France out of the global markets, aggr essively seeking redistribution of colonies. The most acute contradictions haveRead MoreThe 19th And 20th Century Imperialism1297 Words   |  6 PagesThe 19th and 20th century imperialism was substantially about the exploitation of the empires colonies and thus was not a necessarily an ‘civilizing mission’. During the 19th and 20th century European powers tried to justify their actions, by claiming that they were trying to re-educate the native population through education, this included Christian missionaries which were placed throughout Asia, Africa and Latin America. However, it became apparent that these powers gained significant wealth byRead MoreEssay on 20th Century English Literature647 Words   |  3 PagesBritish Literature II Defining Literary Techniques of 20th Century English Literature During the 20th Century, much advancement and change occurred throughout English Literature. All of the works we studied from this period were heavily influenced by current events in the world. The writers all examined the world around them and tried to express it through their writings. The three things that weave a common thread throughout all 20th Century English Literature are global warfare, radical artisticRead MoreThe First Glimpse Of Globalization1573 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization is the process in which a world-wide circulation of goods, ideas, and people takes place. Historically, there were two periods of profound expansion, the 15th and 16th century and 20th and 21st century. In both cases, these eras of globalization were preceded by periods of enriched thinking, sharing, and scientific revolutions. The renaissance is a prime example of an era when ideas and knowledge flourished and spread throughout Europe. This newfound age of discovery resulted in globalRead MorePolitical Party During The 20th Century1411 Words   |  6 Pages the 20th century signifies a large part of American history. The events that occurred during that time period helped mold the United States into the world leader it is today. 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In this essay we consider the question of whether Cadbury’s represents a ‘typical’ example of 19th Century family capitalism by examining the features of this businessRead MoreImperialism : The Age Of Imperialism1010 Words   |  5 PagesIndira Yuldasheva C band Expansionism Essay The late 19th century and early 20th century is known as the â€Å"Age of Imperialism†, a period in which major world powers, including the United States, adopted a policy of expansionism. Expansionism is defined as the policy of territorial or economic expansion, which is often achieved through diplomacy or military force. During this time period, the United States notably acquired territory in the Pacific and Latin America. The nation’s growing colonialRead MoreHistory of Music Education in America1580 Words   |  7 Pages America has a great history from the beginning. It began with the migration of people from Europe. They colonized the states and began life there. They eventually fought for their freedom and now are the United States of America. Within this history is another profound history, which is the history of music education in America. Music education has changed and grown dramatically from century to century from the 18th century to present times. Each century show a great moment and growth in the historyRead MoreThe Major Events Of The 20Th Century Were Characterized1612 Words   |  7 PagesThe major events of the 20th century were characterized by devastating political experiences of wars and totalitarianisms that were born out of the shifts in philosophical, social, political and economic ideologies and movements across many regions of the world. During this time in history, communism took root in many states where people took control of the economies in order to establish a communist society that was based on a social economic order that was structured upon common ownership of the

Ku Klux Klan Essay - 1412 Words

Ku Klux Klan The Ku Klux Klan, or KKK as we all know today, was created in the spring of 1866. Six Confederate veterans who formed a social club in Pulaski, Tennessee founded it. This version of the KKK only lasted for six years, but it left enough tactics and rituals to last a lifetime. These rituals and tactics would be used in following generations of KKK-goers. (Ingalls, 9) The Klan, at first, was a very small group and kept everything in secrecy. The exact date the Klan began is ambiguous. Even though the Klan was in to this secrecy bit, the six KKK members initiated new members into their social club. (Ingalls, 9) A year after the creation of the Ku Klux Klan, the onetime social club joined the campaign against the†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, the Klan quickly moved to more violent pranks. (Ingalls, 12) The Klan would now taunt and meddle with blacks. The Klan leaders proved unable to control their followers. It had gotten out of control and the KKK had become too large and spread out. Although the violence was often promiscuous, there was a method to all of the madness. The victims were almost always black, or if white, associated with the hatred of the Republican Party. The Klan had fear of black equality and sparked attacks on schools setup for freed slaves. The Klan would warn the blacks not to attend school, and would scare the teachers out of town. (Ingalls, 12-13) Many groups started forming around the south. They were often called Ku Kluxers. The Klan was being noticed as The Invisible Empire. Klans of all sorts were being formed left and right yet they all formed just as the Tennessee Klan did. They were the basis and foundation for the whole fad. The Klan became the greatest terror in 1868, when their attacks were against Republicans and elect Democrats. Thousands of blacks and whites fell victim to the murders and beatings given by the KKK members. (Ingalls, 13) In 1869, General Forrest, the Grand Wizard of the KKK, ordered Klansmen to restr ict their activities. The Klan was getting out of control fast. Congress passed a Ku Klux Klan Act in 1871. By the end of 1872, the federal crackdown had broken the back of the Ku Klux Klan. Although there was aShow MoreRelatedKu Klux Klan714 Words   |  3 PagesKKK or Ku Klux Klan. Rosa Parks added to the topic of the KKK by saying, â€Å"It was just a matter of survival†¦ of existing from one day to the next. I remember going to sleep as a girl and hearing the Ku Klux Klan ride at night and hearing a lynching and being afraid the house would burn down† (Parks). The KKK, scattered through the US, has increased and decreased as they try to accomplish their mission by using lethal tactics. The club’s history all started in the south. The Ku Klux Klan originatedRead MoreKu Klan And Ku Klux Klan1359 Words   |  6 PagesKu Klux Klan 2 Abstract The Ku Klux Klan was formed in Tennessee during December, 1865. They were originally made by former confederate soldiers to keep balance in society. After their job was done they went years without being heard of again. This time they grew in popularity and used their power to intimidate others to get their way. They killed and harassed many people. After years of destruction beginning from the late 1800’s all the way through mid 1900’s, they lost their power. ThereRead MoreThe Ku Klux Klan And The Klan820 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ku Klux Klan has massively reduced by 1927. While it peaked from having over 3 million members in 1925, it had no more than several hundred thousand in 1927. Night riding of the Klan led to at least 50 people getting flogged during a two year period. Outcries of the populace of Georgia and the Carolinas brought arrests and convictions of the Klan. Therefore, the Klan was forced to retreat. The Klan endured other handicap when local Klan in the North chapters began to develop ties with AmericanRead MoreThe Ku Klux Klan And The Klan1901 Words   |  8 PagesThe Ku Klux Klan Supreme Justice Thurgood Marshall once stated that â€Å"the Ku Klux Klan never dies. They just stop wearing sheets because sheets cost too much† (Biography Staff, 2017). With the birth of America in 1776 and the Klan emerging in 1866, the not-so-invisible empire has claimed a place in America’s history. During the centuries, three summits have risen and declined, each wave becoming more open about their appearance than the last, proving to a point, that Thurgood Marshall’s quoteRead More Ku Klux Klan Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneral. They have a quot;my way or no wayquot; attitude, and it shows in examples like the Ku Klux Klan. The Klan itself was based on ignorance and bigotry. They established the Klan because they were bored, but little did they know how much their small club would impact American history. The Klan started slowly with few members but then it grew to 550 000 at the official end of the Klan. The Ku Klux Klan’s eventual collap se and early declined in active protests against blacks was due to the probingRead MoreThe Beginning Of The Ku Klux Klan749 Words   |  3 PagesThe start of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) in 1866, expanded throughout most of the southern states by 1870. This Klan is known for its discrimination against African Americans, which has had major effects on today’s society. â€Å"Making or perceiving differences and distinctions,† is the definition of discrimination (Webster dictionary). Not only did they discriminate against Africans Americans but also Jews, and Catholics (history,com staff). Since the birth of the KKK society was not only affected by theRead MoreThe Ku Klux Klan Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ku Klux Klan A cult is a type of religious organization that stands apart from the larger society. These groups often have a charismatic leader and they create their own radical beliefs. A cult that is very widespread in the United States and claims to be largely apparent throughout the world is the Ku Klux Klan or the KKK. The Ku Klux Klan is a cult that claims to be promotersRead MoreThe Resurgence Of The Ku Klux Klan1890 Words   |  8 Pagesinvestigation is to delve into the question of: to what extent was the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan during the 1920s a reflection of societal change? In order to assess this question from multiple perspectives on the topic, research is needed to further look into the Klan’s motives both prior to their revival as well as after. Events in the 1870s, when the Klan ended, as well as events in the 1920s, when the klan was reborn, will be considered in this investigation in order to make connections betweenRead MoreThe Ku Klux Klan ( Kkk )1554 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ku Klux Klan (KKK) came into being in 1865 and was widespread in the southern states of the USA. It was founded by former Confederate veterans in Pulaski, Tennessee. It was a movement, formed after the civil war of America, to oppress the Republican Party’s policies of reconstruction. Few years after its formation, the movement engaged in war, fear and hatred in the war-ravaged south. The group’s activities during this period have had adverse effects on the American society that still haunt themRead More The Ku Klux Klan Essay1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ku Klux Klan The Ku Klux Klan, better known as the KKK, was started in Tennessee in 1866. The people who believed in White Pride came together against the advancement of African Americans, Jews, and other minorities. The KKK members were very violent and used harsh actions to get their point across, but their actions were supported by their strong belief in their religion and the culture in which they were brought up in. The Klan did as it believed, they did what they thought

Diploma in H Free Essays

string(100) " they have paid for, and maintain the key to customer satisfaction is the level of product quality\." [pic] Diploma in Hospitality and Tourism HT 1020 Marketing in HT The outlet of Carrefour ® Lecturer: MR. Alvin Group name: 4+1 Group members: LI CHUNYAN |1111/9205 | |LIU FANGYU |1108/8812 | |HUANG JIAHUI |1112/9271 | |XU KE |1109/8920 | |YAO SHI |1201/9343 | Table of Contents 1. Introduction†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Diploma in H or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Background†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 3. Marketing Research†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 3. 1 Marketing Concept†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 3. 2 Service Marketing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 3. 2. 1 Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 3. 2. 2 Service concept†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 3. 2. 3 Quality of service management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 3. 2. 4 Four-dimensional customer service†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 3. 3 Micro Macro Environment Assessment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 3. 4 Analyze Consumer Behavior †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 3. 4. Cultural Factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 3. 4. 2 Social Factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 3. 4. 3 Personal Factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 3. 4. 4 Psychological Factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 3. 5 Segmenting Consumer Markets.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 4. News†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 4. 1 The Asia market territory is narrowing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 4. 2 Suspected price fraud†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 5. Recommended Strategy Implementation Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 6. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11 Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 1. Introduction Our group has chosen Carrefour ® for our project. In this report, firstly we will introduce its history briefly and then we will focus on 5 areas to analysis assessment and provide the detail that will enhance good marketing image/branding. The report will be conducted by analysis process, including situation analysis, identifying and explaining strategies, target customers needs and wants as well as the recommended implemented plans. 2. Background (History) The Carrefour Company was established by the Fournier and Defforey families in 1959. Over the past 40 years, the Carrefour group has grown to become the first largest retailer in Europe and the second largest retailer in the world, the group currently operates four main grocery store formats: hypermarkets, supermarkets, cash carry and convenience stores. 3. Marketing research 3. 1 Marketing Concept Here are five key concepts under the Carrefour conduct their marketing activities. As we know, Production Concept is a concept where goods are produced without taking into consideration the choices or tastes of your customers. The Carrefour goods in the global procurement. A commodity into Carrefour, manufacturers must first obtain a recognized headquarters negotiations, each branch orders through the system. Carrefour has an international commodity department, responsible for looking for resources in the world, Commodity introduced to purchasing department, then he will ordering the goods . But, Product concept is the understanding of the dynamics of the product and showcase, the best qualities of the product. Carrefour is based on low prices, excellent customer service and a comfortable shopping environment for consumers to provide the required products of daily life. Carrefour limited and carefully select the types of goods , It will first consider the needs of customers ,From customers, employees, vendors, competitors obtain information to adjust the classification and respond to market trends, we need to understand the outside message, and then the reaction in the shop. For example, in 1994, Carrefour did not sell cosmetics, it selling computers in 1995 began selling cosmetics, computers. The Carrefour goods are usually priced lower than other markets . The Carrefour goods are usually priced lower than other markets, In 1987 ,Carrefour in Taiwan set off a sales promotion, reduce price lower than the normal market price of 20% to 50% , Carrefour through such sales way to make a profit . Carrefours through low-cost strategy, not only quickly occupied the market, and gradually establish a major feature of the full range. Sixties and seventies of the twentieth century, Carrefour launched â€Å"Vivez Libre† merchandise, free product is cheap unbranded products, the advertising slogan is: † ‘free product’, no name, just as good, and cheaper. Within two weeks, 80 percent of consumers tried free products, 70% of consumers become repeat customers, This success is based on a basic concept of Carrefour, that customer philosophy. This is the marketing concept of Carrefour. Carrefour did not forget their social responsibility and is committed to safeguard the quality and safety of products, spare no effort to promote th e Carrefour Quality System, and around the farmers in China to jointly develop green products and organic food, from product design, packaging and logistics the pursuit of environmentally friendly low-carbon. In addition, it balance to the † 3c model † 3. 2 Service Marketing The world economy nowadays is increasingly characterized as a service economy that Marketing services holds a unique place in business acumen and required different strategies to be successful. Services are characterized by being intangible, perishable, variable and inseparable from their provider. Marketing Services is not just about selling something, it is a true encounter . In fact, the growth of the service sector has long been considered as indicative of a country’s economic progress. Economic history tells us that all developing nations have invariably experienced a shift from agriculture to industry and then to the service sector as the main stay of the economy . services now increasingly represent an integral part of the product and this interconnectedness of goods and services is represented on a goods-services continuum. 3. 2. 1 Services environment Carrefour supermarket have a warm feeling for consumer, it can increase sales. They offers holiday shopping channels, during the holiday season, customers can enjoy the convenience of shopping and fast. External environment provides parking, special offers the announcement district and have different partition; wine drinking area, recreation area, bulk, grain and oil area, Hardware District. In each partition have the difference between all kinds of goods. The best-selling products usually put in the customer more easily to find it. If you can not find something, inside the supermarket staff will give you the greatest help. 3. 2. 2 Carrefour’s service concept People-oriented . Carrefour attaches great importance to direct contact with the customer a line employee education and training . Because lower-level employees have the biggest impact on service perceptions. So that employees fully understand and comprehend enterprise service marketing’s overall goals, enhance their customer service sense of responsibility and sincere love, and pay attention to cultivate their dealing with customers, and establish a good relationship with the customer. 3. 2. 3 Carrefour’s quality of service management. Quality service ensures that customers are satisfied with what they have paid for, and maintain the key to customer satisfaction is the level of product quality. You read "Diploma in H" in category "Essay examples" For service companies provide intangible products, the evaluation of both the quality of their services include: customer service content beyond the basic services provided by the enterprise, also including the specific quality of the various services offered by the enterprise project. 3. 2. 4 Four-dimensional customer service Carrefour has four-dimensional customer service system that all the stores to install the â€Å"service satisfaction survey system†, they can collect customer feedback as an important indicator of the stores appraisal to urge stores that continue to improve and optimize the services to improve the management level. . 3 Micro Macro Environment Assessment The first time Carrefour created a new type of sales market, the hypermarket in 1963, the first time Carrefour set up the huge supermarket In French in the same year. The first time Carrefour entry international market in1969, for now have more than 10000 stores in 31 countries and area, it is the NO. 39 top Fortune Global 500 in 2012. Although the Carrefour is powerful in the world, it also has the weaknesses; the online shop development of Carrefour is lacking behind as compare to competitors, market in some countries lack of management or expertise in this business. The way of Carrefour to development is at current markets possible to amplification at new aspect, or opens the stores in some countries that it didn’t open before, such as some third-world country, this action not only can set up the new market for Carrefour but also can increate the opportunities of the local. Absolutely, the Carrefour faces some threats; recent years there is a increase of competitors, thus causing a drop in market shares. Economy problem in Europe, has causes many forms of difficulty including revenues, costs and also trades. These are microenvironment of Carrefour. In the macro environment of Carrefour by using PEST to analysis the China market. China’s membership in WTO has helped oversea investor to easily penetrate into the China market due to government standardizing its market laws and regulations to international standards. Having one of the world largest population, the open market to the world has boast China’s economy thus causing increase of wealth in the population, increasing the amount of middle class consumers greatly attracts foreign investors like Carrefour; To enter the market or expand their market shares in China. Due to internationalization, China social and culture is more or less affected as they are more exposed to the world, they are becoming more and more westernize. Better wealth and social changes have also changes peoples buying behavior, consumers who have better income naturally believe that overseas products might be better than local ones. Such belief and buying behavior have causes brand and business from other country to target China’s high spending market. Open market to the world also leads to increase research and development in the country, as company and business coming in means that factory like assembly and production factories will start to move in too. Technology and expertise start to increase in China due to this flop of business vast development. Business like Carrefour who carries house brand will consider moving it’s factories of production to China due to low labor costs and also the improve of technology and expertise will minimize the difficulty of shifting of factory; thus fast improvement in technology and expertise encourages business to shift it’s production or assembly line factory to China. 3. 4 Analyze Consumer Behavior In recent years, Consumer makes many buying decisions everyday. When it comes to shopping, the first thing come to the shopper mind is supermarket. The supermarket and people’s lives are closely interrelated. However, supermarket environment, service attitude, commodity classification create a lot of influence on shoppers desire to shop. 3. 4. 1 Cultural Factors One of the main characteristics affecting consumer behavior is a Culture factor, which exert the broadest and deepest influence on consumer behavior. For Carrefour, the business scope includes daily provisions, clothing, household appliances and etc. They have all kinds of goods that one need. It is now introducing KFC in the shopping concept. FuNaiTe dry cleaning shop is another concept. It has more than 50 different brands available in the market. It is like a collection of store and leisure, catering and entertainment as one of the major integrated stores. They can completely satisfy the consumers â€Å"One-stop shopping† daily life consumption demand. There are three values that Carrefour always adheres to. They are Committing, Caring and staying Positive. They respect the customer’s shopping freedom and want as much customers as possible. For customers, employees and suppliers, they have to trust each other. 3. 4. 2 Social Factors A consumer’s behavior is influenced by social factors. The Carrefour group is also responsible for the society. Carrefour actively participate in China’s public welfare undertakings and community activities, supporting and participating in Beijing’s bid for the Olympic Games and Shanghai world expo bid, and with a variety of forms to the affected areas, hope school, welfare institutions urgently needed goods donated. All of these influences our consumers and let our life more colorful. So people like to go Carrefour for consumption. 3. 4. 3 Personal Factors A buyer’s decisions are also influenced by personal characteristics. The economic situation of buyer is very important in purchasing goods. For Carrefour, they are not only providing the consumer Variety and special commodity to choice, such as food, Personal care, home supplies, Style leisure and so on. But they also have many promotion activities. Let consumer feel the money that was spent is valued. Because of the â€Å"One-Stop Shopping† concept, buyers managed to save time in shopping. Carrefour determined in expanding as many business lines as possible, so that customers can purchase a neat daily necessity catered to all the classes, which located in different level of consumption customers. Commodity classification allows buyers to easily find things they are looking for in the shortest period of time frame. 3. 4. 4 Psychological Factors Psychological factors also play a role in consumer behavior. For example the Carrefour make full use of light and off-price merchandise to create the whole store a better atmosphere. As if making the customer feels the urge to buy upon entering Carrefour. . 5 Segmenting Consumer Markets we can identify from 7 aspects to segmentation consumer market. The first aspect is the geographic segmentation. Geographic Segmentation is collecting and analyzing information according to the physical location of the customers or other data source. Carrefour marketers use geographic segmentation because they know where to sell their products to increase advertising and sales effect. For example, there are different numbers of population among each province in China then Guangdong consists of highest population with 160,000,000 peoples. Therefore, Carrefour should put more attention in Guangdong as the geographic in Guangdong is stronger compare than other province. Secondly, demographic segmentation calls for dividing the market into groups based on variables like age, sex, income, family life cycle, religion, education etc. Carrefour has targeted their demographic segment on age groups to enhance the performance of the organization. By age group report, age group from 15 to 64 years old had the highest number of people. In short, Carrefour Company should focus more on age group from 15 to 64 years old by identify their needs and wants. In this age group from 0-14 years old, they are more demanding in toys, milk, nappies, baby foods and prams. Age group from 15-64 years old has a broader and variety needs such as fashion item, cosmetic, apparels and health care products. Age above 65 have less demand, they like to buy a newspaper. Next, gender segmentation calls for dividing a market into different groups based on sex. Men tend to be cigarette and wine, whereas women tend to cosmetics and clothes. Fourthly, Carrefour marketers focus on the age and life cycle segmentation including provision of different products or use different marketing method for different angles and life cycle group. Fifthly aspect is income segmentation. Since the present income gap still very big, low-income people could not afford some expensive things, such as diamond and gold. Next is psychographic segmentation. It calls for dividing a market into different groups based on social class, lifestyle, or personal characteristics. Finally aspect is behavioral segmentation. This group based on consumer knowledge, attitudes, uses, or responses to a product. Carrefour marketers believe that behavior variables are the best starting point for building market segments. 4. News 4. 1 The Asia market territory is narrowing. On July 5th of 2012, according to people familiar with the matter, Carrefour trapped in big shareholder pressure, they are considering selling its branch, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, in order to raise $1 billion. Carrefour has been hiring Goldman group, UBS assist to asset auction. However, the plan is still in the primary stage. 4. 2 Suspected price fraud This year ,on January 6, by the national development and reform commission disclosure suspected price fraud, using the original fiction to attract customers high settlement, not to perform price commitment, misleading price marking and so on the many kinds of fraud. For example, Shanghai Carrefour Nan Xiang shop sales bow and arrow spherical teapot, price tag labeling each 36. 80 Yuan, the actual settlement price 49. 00 Yuan each, Sales clove auspicious teapot, price tag labeling each 36. 90 Yuan, the actual settlement price 66 Yuan each. 5. Recommended Strategy Implementation Plan They should improve the quality of service of the employees, at the same time clearly the price supermarket products. That can not engage in fraud. Attention should be paid to the education and training of the front-line employees in direct contact with customers, so that they fully understand and appreciate the overall objectives of the enterprise services marketing, and enhance their sense of responsibility for customer service and a sincere love and attention to train them to deal with the customer, with the customer to establish good relations and other aspects of high-level skills. 6. Conclusion Through the marketing research of Carrefour, We know that committed, caring and positive, these three values reflect the Carrefour’s culture. The Carrefour marketing concept is to low prices, excellent customer service and comfortable shopping environment for the vast number of consumers with daily life for all kinds of consumer goods. To customer commitment is in the price, product variety, quality, service and convenience and so on, various aspects meet the needs of the consumers. Carrefour as the greatest influence of first-class enterprise in the world, they also still exist some defects to be changed. In general, Carrefour provided the best service to customer and consumer everyday. Let everyone to enjoy better quality of life everyday. Reference list Carrefour. 2011. Current news. [online] Available at: http://www. carrefour. com/cdc/group/our-group/. [Accessed November 11 2011]. Anonymous , 2004 , Carrefour’s mature PR . [online] China : Si Rui management . Available at: http://esoftbank. com. cn/wz/81_9503. html [Accessed November 12 2012] ZhaoQi. 2010. Carrefour difficulties and service mode change. China: WangHan, Wal-mart pattern Vs Carrefour mode. Gai Gai. 2012. Carrefour. [online] Available at: http://baike. baidu. com/view/18119. htm. [Accessed November 11 2012]. CongXiao,N. 2011. Carrefour price fraud event. [online] Available at: http://finance. people. com. cn/GB/8215/210272/234396/16257633. htm . [Accessed November 11 2012] Beckham, H. W 2008,  EBSCO Research Starters – Academic Topic Overviews : Competitive Strategy, EBSCO Publishing Inc. ,  Ã‚  viewed 10 November 2012, Ebsco Host database. Porter, M. E 2008, The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review, p. 86-104. How to cite Diploma in H, Essay examples

Digital Music Piracy Essay Example For Students

Digital Music Piracy Essay Although this ongoing issue is in a way hard to control, record label companies, Internet service providers, along with overspent around the globe should associate more to carry out existing solutions that would end digital music piracy. In these Peer-to-peer file-sharing sites people would download and upload misappropriated digital media. Many people who take part in this type of exchange recognize this process as file sharing. However, under a court of law in the United States and other parts of the world is considered to be illegal distribution of media or copyright infringement. The file sharing process involves a hacker (or an individual who hacks into other computer systems) pirating chital music to then upload the media file into the Peer-to-peer file-sharing website. Where individuals who refuse to compensate the recording music artists and their record label company, would then download the digital music of desire into their computer. We will write a custom essay on Digital Music Piracy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Many music artists come from lower social status, which in most cases inspired them to work very hard in recording studios in hopes of someday waking up rich and famous. With corrupted individuals continuing to leak out their talented work of art for public enjoyment free of charge, their dreams might not be fulfilled. Just like a skilled carpenter gets compensated by individuals who hire him for his unique field of work, the same guideline should apply to talented music artists. Due to this ongoing dilemma in the music world and other entertainment industries, there is a decline in overall record sales including concert ticket sales compared to a decade or two ago before the Internet revolution began. Some are afraid that if digital music piracy continues, the creativity among the talented music artists might slow down or eventually come too halt. Currently, recording companies from every different type of music genres are playing the blame game concerning lost revenue with consumers (Williams). Resulting in recording companies paying the artists themselves a lower percentage from royalties received from sold music records of artists. Besides the recording artist, digital music piracy also directly affects talented music producers and songwriters who are relying on sold records in order to get a piece of the pie. By Sandpaper 2 like murder but without paying the people who are accredited with the creation of hat song destructive in a way. As proof to the damaging cause of digital music piracy, the Institute for Policy Innovation concluded a study. The analysis shows that an estimated annual harm to the United States economy due to digital music piracy is $12. 5 billion dollars in losses, 71,060 lost Jobs, and $2. 7 billion dollars in lost wages to American workers (Seek). A first step that can be carried out by recording company is teaming up with Internet providers who can then trace down IP addresses of individuals who are downloading copyrighted digital music. Not only could this be applied for illegal music download but to pirated movies and eBooks. Prior to beginning any legal actions to any law breaking individuals, a warning should be given. Informing the individual that if the illegal activity continues legal actions will be pursued by the record companies or their lobbyist the ARIA. If after the given warning the hackers or individuals continue infringements of the copyrighted digital music than a lawsuit should be follow by the record companies along with its recording artists. A second solution to this dilemma would be educating individuals at an early age of the importance of compensations to talented music artists and other people who help create the record. Educating them of illegal music download being against the law betraying the songwriters and recording artists who create it. Preventing the careers of new recording artists and striving music bands. As well threatening the employment of working people from professional recording engineers in the studios to music retailers and their entire staff. .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 , .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 .postImageUrl , .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 , .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1:hover , .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1:visited , .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1:active { border:0!important; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1:active , .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Culture In Film Music EssayInforming the kids of the consequences that occur if ever caught like the Minnesota mother who downloaded 24 songs illegally and became the first person sued by the ARIA (Recording Industry Association of America) for copyright infringement with fines totaling $1. 9 million dollars (Stevens). Making the young generation feel terrified and afraid of illegal music downloads similar to programs D. A. R. E. Or Drug Abuse Resisting Education. A police prevention program educating kids in schools nationwide of illegal drugs and informing them of the uses regarding drugs like cocaine, heroine, etc. ND their physical effects. This approach would make kids keep in mind that not paying for downloaded digital music from the Internet is breaking the law. Being hopeful that the young generation will think twice before trying to download digital music illegally from Peer-to-peer file- sharing websites in the future. Another solution to controlling digital music piracy would be to collaborate with the federal government or Department of Justice in creating a special unit specializing in copyright infringements. This task force can potentially focus on shutting down Peer- hem from the Internet if they dont comply with the copyright law that protects recording companies and its artist from piracy. As can be seen in the specifications stated above regarding the affects of digital music piracy to music industry, record companies should innovate ways to fight against piracy. It should get Internet providers who can be key players in controlling more this dilemma to cooperate for the good cause of helping out young music talent to strive and succeed in the music world.